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小型卫星运载火箭

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自SSLV)
小型卫星运载火箭
Small Satellite Launch Vehicle(SSLV)
SSLV D1从萨迪什·达万航天中心1号发射台起飞
用途小型運載火箭
制造者NSIL, ISRO[1]
制造国家印度
单次发射费用3亿卢比(465.9万美元)至3.5亿卢比(543.55万美元)(预计)[2][3][4][5]
外型及质量参数
高度34米(112英尺)
直径2米(6英尺7英寸)
质量120公噸(120長噸;130短噸)
级数3+1[6]
运载能力
至近地轨道有效载荷
高度500 km(310 mi)[7]
轨道倾角45.0°
质量375公斤(827磅)(直送)至525公斤(1,157磅)(椭圆停泊轨道)[8][9]
至太阳同步轨道有效载荷
高度500 km(310 mi)[7][9]
质量300公斤(660磅)
相关火箭
相似型号
发射历史
现状现役
发射场
总发射次数3(英语:List of SSLV launches)
成功次数2
失败次数1
首次发射2022年8月7日03:48UTC[10]
末次发射2024年8月16日(EOS-08(英语:EOS-08))
一级 – SS1
直径2 m
推进剂重量87,000公斤(192,000磅)[11]
发动机S85
芯级推力2,496 kN (vac)[12]
推进时间94.3 秒[12]
推进剂HTPB基固体推进剂
二级 – SS2
直径2 m
推进剂重量7,700公斤(17,000磅)[11]
发动机S7
芯级推力234.2 kN (vac)[12]
推进时间113.1 秒[12]
推进剂HTPB基固体推进剂
三级 – SS3
直径1.7 m
推进剂重量4,500公斤(9,900磅)[11]
发动机S4
芯级推力160 kN (vac)[12]
推进时间106.9 秒[12]
推进剂HTPB基固体推进剂
四级 – VTM
直径2 m
推进剂重量50公斤(110磅)[11]
发动机16 × 50N 双组元推进器[12]
推进剂MMH+MON3(英语:Mixed oxides of nitrogen) 液体推进剂

小型卫星运载火箭(英語:Small Satellite Launch Vehicle,SSLV)是由印度空间研究组织(ISRO)开发的一种四级固体小型运载火箭。该火箭500公里近地轨道运力为500kg,500公里太阳同步轨道运力为300kg[7],支持将小型卫星部署到多个轨道。[13][14]SSLV于2022年首飞失败,后来又进行了2次成功的发射。

SSLV-D1的首次飞行于2022年8月7日在萨迪什·达万航天中心1号发射台进行[15],但有效载荷未能进入预定轨道[16]。第二次飞行SSLV-D2于2023年2月10日成功将有效载荷送入轨道。[17]

SSLV的设计理念是低成本、短周期,并具备按需发射的灵活性,对基础设施的要求也极低。它能够携带多颗卫星。[18]一旦SSLV投入运营,印度新空间有限公司(NSIL)和多家印度公司将负责大规模生产和发射活动。[19][20][21]

火箭概要

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SSLV-D2任务,搭载EOS-07卫星,从萨迪什·达万航天中心第一发射台升空
SSLV-D1任务搭载EOS-02卫星升空(从发射观景台拍摄)

SSLV的研发目标是以远低于极地卫星运载火箭(PSLV)的价格和更高的发射频率,实现小型卫星的商业发射。SSLV的研发成本为16.91亿卢比(2,625.66万美元)[16][2],制造成本预计为3亿卢比(465.9万美元)至3.5亿卢比(543.55万美元)。[3][20][4]分析人士称,这使其成为同类火箭中最经济实惠的选择之一。[22]

预计的高发射频率依赖于高度自主的发射操作和整体上简化的后勤保障。相比之下,PSLV的发射需要600名工作人员,而SSLV的发射操作只需约6人的小团队即可完成。SSLV的发射准备期预计不到一周,而不是几个月。[23][24]该运载火箭既可以像现有的PSLV和地球同步卫星运载火箭(GSLV)那样垂直组装,也可以像已退役的卫星运载火箭(SLV)和增强型卫星运载火箭(ASLV)那样水平组装。[25]

该飞行器的前三级使用HTPB基固体推进剂,第四级末级为液体上面级,称为速度微调模块(Velocity-Trimming Module,VTM),包含八个50N推力的反作用控制推进器和8个50N的轴向主推进器。利用这些推进器,VTM具有高达172米/秒的速度增量。[26]

SSLV的芯一级(SS1)和芯三级(SS3)是新开发的,而芯二级(SS2)源自PSLV的第三级(HPS3)。[27][28][29]

SSLV发射场

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早期研发飞行和倾斜轨道飞行将从斯里赫里戈达岛发射升空[30],首先使用萨迪什·达万航天中心(SDSC)的第一发射台,之后使用位于库拉塞卡拉帕特南的专用设施——小型卫星运载火箭发射场(英语:SSLV Launch Complex)(SLC)[31][32]。与制造、安装、组装、检验、测试和自推进发射单元(Self Propelled launching Unit,SPU)相关的招标已于2019年10月发布。[33][34][35]

这座位于泰米尔纳德邦库拉塞卡拉帕特南附近、正在建设中的新航天发射场建成后,将负责将小型运载火箭(SSLV)发射到太阳同步轨道。[36][37][38]

一般参数

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火箭规格:[39][40]
  • 高度:34米
  • 直径:2米
  • 质量:120吨
有效载荷运力:[7][41]

发射数据统计

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0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
  •   失败
  •   部分失败
  •   成功
  •   计划

参见

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参考

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  1. ^ SSLV MANUFACTURING. /www.nsilindia.co.in. [2022-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-07-12). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Satellite Launch Vehicle (PDF). 16 December 2021 [2026-06-12]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-02-12). The development of SSLV is in the final stages and the first developmental flight of SSLV is targeted during the first quarter of 2022. The Government has sanctioned a total cost of Rs.169.07 Crores for the development project including the development & qualification of the vehicle systems and the flight demonstration through three development flights (SSLV-D1, SSLV-D2 & SSLV-D3) 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 ISRO readying for low cost satellite launch vehicles. [31 January 2020]. (原始内容存档于2025-03-07). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Chandrayaan-2 Mission planned for middle of April. @businessline. 11 January 2019 [2019-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2025-03-07). 
  5. ^ Why ISRO's maiden SSLV mission failed despite successful launch of new rocket. Dnaindia.com. 2022-08-08 [2022-08-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-01-24). 
  6. ^ ISRO is developing a small rocket to cash in on the small-satellite boom. [2 September 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-03). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 SSLV technical brochure V12 (PDF). 20 December 2019 [20 December 2019]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 December 2019). "SSLV technical brochure V12" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (PDF).
  8. ^ 'We have a new launch vehicle': Isro successfully introduces SSLV to the world. India Today. 10 February 2023 [16 August 2024]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Launch Service Requisition : Understanding Launch Demand (PDF). 13 November 2025. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于13 November 2025). 
  10. ^ Indian Space Research Organisation [@ISRO]. The launch of the SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission is scheduled for Sunday, August 7, 2022, at 9:18 am (IST) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota. ISRO invites citizens to the Launch View Gallery at SDSC to witness the launch. (推文). 1 August 2022 [1 August 2022] –通过Twitter. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 SSLV-D1/EOS-2 Mission Brochure (PDF). [4 August 2022]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 August 2022). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Small Satellite Launch Vehicle. [5 November 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-29). 
  13. ^ SSLV. space.skyrocket.de. [2018-12-09]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-17). 
  14. ^ Department of Space presentation on 18 January 2019 (PDF). 18 January 2019 [30 January 2019]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-30). 
  15. ^ Kumar, Chethan. Another Chandrayaan-3 test done on Sunday; SSLV launch planned for August. The Times of India. 19 July 2022 [19 July 2022]. (原始内容存档于2025-07-05). 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Service, Tribune News. ISRO plans to launch new rocket before December 2020. Tribuneindia News. [2020-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-09). Service, Tribune News.
  17. ^ Successful flight of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). Press Information Bureau. 10 February 2023 [14 February 2023]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-13). 
  18. ^ U., Tejonmayam. SSLV-D1/EOS-02 mission: Rocket injected satellites but orbit achieved is less than expected, Isro says. The Times of India. 7 August 2022 [2022-08-07]. (原始内容存档于2025-06-03) (英语). 
  19. ^ Sorensen, Jodi. Spaceflight Inc. Purchases and Fully Manifests First-Ever Commercial SSLV Mission from NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), the Commercial Arm of ISRO, India. Spaceflight. 2019-08-06 [2019-08-06]. (原始内容存档于6 August 2019). 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Singh, Surendra. ISRO to rope in industry majors for mini-PSLV project. The Times of India. 4 May 2018 [2 September 2018]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-07). Singh, Surendra (4 May 2018).
  21. ^ IANS. There's big money to make in space business for Indian firms: Antrix chief. Business Standard India. 2018-09-02 [2018-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-04). 
  22. ^ Isro successfully launches SSLV-D3: Why is this mission significant for India's space sector?. Firstpost. 2024-08-16 [2024-08-16]. (原始内容存档于2024-09-20) (美国英语). 
  23. ^ India's 19 upcoming missions, and ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). SpaceTech Asia. 2018-08-28 [2018-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-11). 
  24. ^ ISRO developing vehicle to launch small satellites. Frontline. [2021-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-07). 
  25. ^ Design for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle ready. The Hindu. 2018-12-21 [2018-12-21]. 
  26. ^ Ramachandran, R. First SSLV flight fails to put satellites in correct orbit. frontline.thehindu.com. 2022-08-26 [2022-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-01) (英语). According to a former ISRO scientist, the VTM can correct for a velocity shortfall of up to 172 metres/s. The rocket used for SSLV-D1 was a 34 m tall, 2 m diameter vehicle having a lift-off mass of 120 t. 
  27. ^ SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission Video_English. 事件发生在 2 minute 30 seconds. 2022-08-06 [2026-06-12]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-07). 
  28. ^ Expression of Interest for Manufacturing of Composite motor cases of ISRO's launch vehicles (PDF). 19 February 2020 [6 August 2022]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于5 June 2020). It may be specifically noted that process toolings of composite motor case for 2nd stage of SSLV is interchangeable with composite motor case for 3rd stage of PSLV to maximum extent. 
  29. ^ SHAR Director Rajarajan Press Meet. 事件发生在 2 minutes 40 seconds. 15 August 2022 [2026-06-12]. (原始内容存档于2025-03-28) (English). Two solid stages are new, fully developed. That is SS1 with 85-90 tonnes and SS3 with 4.5 tonnes whereas SS2 is almost identical to the HPS3 of PSLV. 
  30. ^ Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S. Somanath and R. Umamaheshwaran. AstrotalkUK. 24 October 2019 [30 October 2019]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-15). 
  31. ^ Message from Chairman's desk. isro.gov.in. Indian Space Research Organisation. 1 January 2019 [30 October 2019]. (原始内容存档于2 January 2019). 
  32. ^ Design, Fabrication, Integration, Testing, Supply and Commissioning of Vehicle Telecommand Systems (PDF). 16 September 2020. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于6 August 2022). The proposed systems will be used as a part of new commanding requirement for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) Launch Complex (SLC) Site at Kulasekarapatnam, Tamilnadu. 
  33. ^ TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/13/2019-2020 (PDF). isro.gov.in. ISRO. [30 October 2019]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于16 August 2019). REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) FOR SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING OF RAIL TRACK FOR SLC PROJECT 
  34. ^ TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/RO/03/2019-2020 (PDF). isro.gov.in. [30 October 2019]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于6 September 2019). REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) FOR PROCUREMENT, MANUFACTURE, SUPPLY, TESTING and COMMISIONING(原文如此) OF SELF PROPELLED UNITS FOR SLC 
  35. ^ TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/11/2019-2020 (PDF). isro.gov.in. ISRO. [30 October 2019]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于16 August 2019). RFP document for Supply of Stainless Steel Tanks 
  36. ^ Singh, Surendra. India to get its second spaceport, land acquisition work begins in Tamil Nadu. The Times of India. 2019-12-02 [2024-08-17]. ISSN 0971-8257. (原始内容存档于2022-06-30). 
  37. ^ ISRO's Second Spaceport, for New SSLV Rocket, to Come up in Tamil Nadu. The Wire. [2020-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-04). 
  38. ^ "Industrialised" PSLV by 2022. The Hindu. 2020-01-25 [2020-01-25]. ISSN 0971-751X. (原始内容存档于2022-06-30). 
  39. ^ ORF on Twitter. twitter.com. [2018-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-17). 
  40. ^ Narayan Prasad, Dr. Somnath on ISRO's Roadmap and Indian Launch Vehicles at Toulouse Space Show 2018, 2018-07-04 [2018-09-02], (原始内容存档于2018-08-16) 
  41. ^ Indian Space Research Organisation. www.isro.gov.in. [2023-06-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-08-18). 

外部链接

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